Orientasi Dosis Iradiasi Efektif Pada Perbaikan Genetik Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal Padang Pariaman Melalui Mutasi Induksi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.protan.2023.011.06.08Keywords:
Mutasi Sinar Gamma, LD50, Iradiasi, Padi lokalAbstract
Peneliti menggunakan induksi mutasi pada padi untuk menciptakan keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Populasi dasar dengan keragaman genetik yang tinggi akan memudahkan proses seleksi karakter yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis optimal yang menginduksi keragaman genetik tertinggi pada tiga genotipe padi sawah. Bahan penelitian adalah tiga genotipe padi sawah yaitu “Madang Pulau”, “Putiah Papanai” dan “Banang Kuniang”. Iradiasi gamma dilakukan di Pusat Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi (PAIR) BATAN. Setiap genotipe diiradiasi dengan dosis 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 500 dan 600 Gy. Penyemaian dilakukan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Ekasakti. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase kecambah (%), tinggi bibit dan panjang akar. Nilai LD50 ditentukan berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi persentase kecambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) persentase kecambah yang tumbuh menurun seiring dengan peningkatan dosis iradiasi gamma, kecuali pada genotipe “Puputiah Papanai”, sedangkan tinggi bibit dan panjang akar untuk ketiga genotype yang tumbuh menurun seiring dengan peningkatan dosis iradiasi gamma (2) nilai LD50 pada Genotype Madang Pulau, Putiah Papanai, dan Banang Kuniang masing-masing adalah 333.58 Gy, 377.62 Gy, dan 291.14 Gy. (3) dosis optimal iradiasi sinar gamma untuk ketiga genotype berkisar pada dosis 200-300 Gy. (4) Di antara tiga genotipe padi yang diuji, mutan “Banang Kuiang”.
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